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Also called a motor, the engine is a tool that could change energy into a useful mechanical motion. Whenever a motor changes heat energy into motion it is normally known as an engine. The engine could come in several kinds like for example the external and internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine typically burns a fuel together with air and the resulting hot gases are used for generating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They use heat to produce motion making use of a separate working fluid.
In order to produce a mechanical motion through varying electromagnetic fields, the electric motor must take and create electrical energy. This particular type of engine is really common. Other types of engine could be driven utilizing non-combustive chemical reactions and some will use springs and be driven by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven by compressed air. There are other designs depending on the application required.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
Internal combustion occurs when the combustion of the fuel mixes with an oxidizer in the combustion chamber. In the IC engine, higher temperatures would result in direct force to certain engine parts like the pistons, turbine blades or nozzles. This particular force generates functional mechanical energy by moving the component over a distance. Normally, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston engines and the Wankel rotary motor. The majority of gas turbines, rocket engines and jet engines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines called continuous combustion, which takes place on the same previous principal described.
Stirling external combustion engines or steam engines greatly vary from internal combustion engines. The external combustion engine, wherein energy is to be delivered to a working fluid such as hot water, liquid sodium, pressurized water or air that is heated in a boiler of some sort. The working fluid is not combined with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
The designs of ICEs on the market today come along with many strengths and weaknesses. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel would deliver efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even though ICEs have succeeded in lots of stationary utilization, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply for vehicles like for instance boats, aircrafts and cars. Some hand-held power equipments make use of either ICE or battery power devices.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine utilizes a heat engine wherein a working fluid, such as steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated through combustion of an external source. This combustion happens via a heat exchanger or through the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which generates motion. Afterwards, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or disposed, and cool fluid is pulled in.
The act of burning fuel together with an oxidizer so as to supply heat is called "combustion." External thermal engines could be of similar use and configuration but make use of a heat supply from sources such as geothermal, solar, nuclear or exothermic reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid can be of any constitution, even though gas is the most common working fluid. At times a single-phase liquid is sometimes utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid varies phases between liquid and gas.
