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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling that is utilized in order to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is like a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a substantial difference between output and input rotational speed.
The most popular type of torque converter used in car transmissions is the fluid coupling type. During the 1920s there was likewise the Constantinesco or likewise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are other mechanical designs utilized for continuously changeable transmissions that have the ability to multiply torque. For instance, the Variomatic is a type that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling cannot multiply torque. Torque converters have an element called a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics all through times of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
There are a minimum of three rotating elements in a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, which is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, which is between the turbine and the impeller so that it can change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under any situation and this is where the term stator originates from. Actually, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still enabling forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications that have been integrated at times. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, changes to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these adjustments have taken the form of several stators and turbines. Each and every set has been meant to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several examples comprise the Dynaflow that uses a five element converter in order to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Even though it is not strictly a part of classic torque converter design, different automotive converters include a lock-up clutch to lessen heat and in order to enhance cruising power transmission efficiency. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses associated with fluid drive.
