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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature called a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or two hundred thirty feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first need to be brought to the construction location by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these parts are connected to the mast. Next, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be a few of the other industrial machines which is commonly used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is referred to as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the crane driver uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind should be taken into account. The term loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. So as to make certain that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load must be equally distributed throughout the container.
Having an equally distributed load it is advantageous to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, in order to maintain safety. An even load helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the load distribution within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very important that the designers of handling equipment and containers take this into consideration in the engineering process. Like for example, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the container length measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
To be able to make sure that the machine utilized is perfect for the cargo, care needs to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for instance a bulk container, a tank container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, extreme care needs to be taken when lifting these.
